![]() ![]() To date, the mechanisms of critical traits that include flower formation, rapid growth, shoot primary thickening growth, and lignification in moso bamboo have mainly revealed by omics ( Ge et al., 2017 Wei et al., 2017 Wang et al., 2021 Yang et al., 2021). The genome of moso bamboo has been released ( Peng et al., 2013) and assembled at the chromosome level ( Zhao et al., 2018), which enables major advances in understanding bamboo plants. Therefore, identifying the genes controlling important bamboo traits and using molecular breeding to improve varieties are the methods that can be used to obtain new varieties quickly. Unfortunately, due to the long and unpredictable flowering cycle of bamboo, it is difficult to obtain new varieties through crossbreeding. Recently, an analysis of 427 genomes has revealed the low genetic diversity of the moso bamboo population, which indicates that this species may have a low effective population size and a small genetic pool that can be used for future breeding purposes ( Zhao et al., 2021). This species is characterized by asexual reproduction, rapid growth, and a high carbon fixation capacity ( Zhou et al., 2011). Moso bamboo ( Phyllostachys edulis) is the most economically important woody bamboo species and plays essential economic and ecological roles. These technical systems will be conducive to gene functional validation and accelerate the molecular breeding process of moso bamboo.īamboo is an important forestry resource with a global bamboo forest area of more than 47 million hm 2 and an annual output of more than 500 million tons of bamboo wood ( Li and Fu, 2021). Finally, homozygous pds1pds2 mutants were obtained by an efficient CRISPR/Cas9 genome-editing system. The results showed that the PeU3.1 promoter exhibited higher efficiency, and it was used for subsequent genome editing. To optimize genome editing, two endogenous U3 small nuclear RNA (snRNA) promoters were isolated and used to drive small guide RNA (sgRNA) expression. A genetic transformation system was established for the first time in moso bamboo, with the transformation efficiency of approximately 5%. ![]() We further optimized the Agrobacterium concentration and added vacuum infiltration for infection, which improves the transient expression efficiency. An effective antibiotic screening concentration was determined by hygromycin sensitivity test. A plant growth regulator combination of 0.5 mg⋅L –1 1-naphthylacetic acid (NAA), 2.0 mg⋅L –1 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), and 3.0 mg⋅L –1 zeatin (ZT) was suitable for shoot differentiation, and the shoot induction frequency was increased to 43% after 0.5 mg⋅L –1 abscisic acid (ABA) pretreatment. Calli were induced on MS medium added 4–6 mg⋅L –1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) with high efficiency (>60%). Here, we established a plant regeneration system from immature embryos. Without a genetic transformation system, it is difficult to verify the functions of genes controlling important traits and conduct molecular breeding in moso bamboo. ![]() Moso bamboo ( Phyllostachys edulis) is the most important monopodial bamboo species worldwide. 2Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding of Zhejiang Province, Research Institute of Subtropical of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, China.1State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China.Biyun Huang 1,2†, Renying Zhuo 1,2†, Huijin Fan 1,2, Yujun Wang 1,2, Jing Xu 1,2, Kangming Jin 1,2 and Guirong Qiao 1,2* ![]()
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